Mass Density

The density, an intensive physical property that measures how efficiently a substance is spatially packed. The relationship between the mass, volume, and density of an object or substance is:

The densities of the various forms of carbon are shown in the table below.
 

Form of Carbon	Density (grams/cubic centimeter)
Amorphous carbon	1.8 - 2.1
Buckminsterfullerene  C60	1.69
Graphite	1.9 - 2.3
Diamond	3.50 - 3.53
Cork	0.1
Ice	0.91
Sodium	0.97
Water	0.9998
Rubber	1.2
Brick	1.6
Graphite	2.2
Aluminum	2.7
Steel	7.753
Brass	8.522
Copper	8.954
Silver	10.524
Gold	19.31
Iridium	22.65

 

This drastic change in density between the various forms of carbon is a consequence of the crystalline structure that each substance adopted. The macroscopically measured density is usually slightly different than that measured using X-ray diffraction because of defects and/or impurities within the sample. 

The mass of a substance divided by its volume; symbol r, units kg/m3. The density of water is 1000 kg/m3. An object plac3ed in a liquid more dense than itself will float, whereas an object more dense than the liquid will sink. Density is measured using a hydrometer.